ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the characteristics and evolution trend of renal disease spectrum in Ningxia.Methods:The demographic, clinical manifestations and renal pathological examination results of patients who underwent renal biopsies in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from August 1, 2008 to December 31, 2019 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. According to the time period of receiving renal biopsy, the patients were divided into 2008—2013 group and 2014—2019 group. The age and sex constituent, clinical manifestation, renal disease type, pathological types of primary and secondary glomerular disease and the main clinical manifestations of patients with diabetic nephropathy were compared between the two groups. The changing trend of renal disease spectrum in Ningxia from 2008 to 2019 was analyzed.Results:A total of 3 867 patients who underwent renal biopsies were enrolled in this study, with more males (53.71%, 2 077/3 867), and age of (39.59±14.05) years old. The most common clinical manifestation of patients receiving renal biopsies was nephrotic syndrome (36.33%, 1 405/3 867). Among them, primary glomerular diseases accounted for 78.79% (3047/3 867), followed by secondary glomerular diseases (18.57%, 718/3 867), renal tubulointerstitial diseases (1.45%, 56/3 867) and hereditary nephropathy (1.19%, 46/3 867). The most common primary glomerular disease was IgA nephropathy (44.60%, 1 359/3 047), followed by membranous nephropathy (30.75%, 937/3 047). The most common secondary glomerular disease was Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (27.44%, 197/718), followed by lupus nephritis (25.07%, 180/718). Compared with the 2008—2013 group, the proportion of membranous nephropathy increased, the proportion of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (non-IgA deposition) decreased (both P<0.001), the proportions of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive renal damage increased, and the proportions of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis decreased in 2014—2019 group (all P<0.01). Compared with the 2008—2013 group, the proportions of acute kidney injury, chronic renal failure, simple hematuria and urinary protein≤1.0 g/24 h increased in kidney biopsy patients in 2014—2019 group, while the proportion of nephrotic syndrome decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the 2008—2013 group, the proportion of chronic renal failure in diabetic nephropathy patients increased during renal biopsy, and the proportion of albuminuria with hematuria decreased in 2014—2019 group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Primary glomerular disease is the most common kidney disease in Ningxia. IgA nephropathy is the most common cause, and the proportion of membranous nephropathy is increasing year by year. Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis is the most common secondary glomerular disease, and the proportions of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive renal damage are increasing year by year, suggesting that the screening of renal complications of metabolic diseases in Ningxia should be strengthened and pay more attention to the patients with mild abnormal urine test.